Nigeria’s proposed decriminalisation of attempted suicide has been welcomed by mental health advocates, who say it could shift the country’s response from punishment towards treatment and support.
Attempted suicide has long been criminalised under the Criminal Code and Penal Code, with offenders potentially facing up to one year in prison. Advocates say the threat of prosecution can discourage people experiencing suicidal distress from seeking help.
Health Minister Prof. Muhammad Pate said the proposed amendment would address the conflict between criminal law and Nigeria’s Mental Health Act 2021, which provides for treatment and support for people at risk.
The government has also introduced a National Suicide Strategic Framework for 2023–2030 and established a task force to support decriminalisation, suicide prevention and stakeholder engagement.
However, advocates say legal reform alone will not be enough. They are calling for better crisis services, reliable suicide data, funding, specialised training and stronger access to mental healthcare.
Health officials have acknowledged gaps in national mental health data, while the Association of Psychiatrists in Nigeria says the country has fewer than 1,000 psychiatrists serving more than 200 million people.
Advocates therefore say decriminalisation should be accompanied by stronger healthcare systems, community support and sustained public education to ensure people in crisis can access timely care.
