Today, Nigeria celebrates 65 years of independence, a milestone that reflects decades of resilience, growth, and the pursuit of unity. On October 1, 1960, Nigeria officially gained independence from British colonial rule, marking the beginning of a new chapter in Africa’s most populous nation.
The struggle for independence began in the early 20th century as educated elites, activists, and nationalist leaders pushed for self-rule. Political movements gained strength in the 1940s and 1950s, with figures like Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, and Ahmadu Bello leading campaigns for freedom. Their efforts pressured the British government to introduce constitutional reforms that gradually expanded Nigerian participation in governance.
The Richards Constitution of 1946, the Macpherson Constitution of 1951, and the Lyttleton Constitution of 1954 each played crucial roles in granting regional autonomy and laying the foundation for federalism. These steps ultimately prepared the country for full independence.
On October 1, 1960, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa became Nigeria’s first Prime Minister, delivering a speech that symbolized the birth of a free nation. Three years later, Nigeria declared itself a republic, with Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe as its first President. The green-white-green flag was raised, representing agriculture, peace, and hope for unity among the country’s over 250 ethnic groups.
Independence brought pride, but it also introduced challenges, including political instability, ethnic tensions, and the task of building a cohesive national identity. Despite these hurdles, Nigeria has continued to grow as a cultural powerhouse, a leader in African politics, and an economic giant on the continent.
As Nigerians mark 65 years of freedom, Independence Day serves as both a reminder of the sacrifices made for sovereignty and a celebration of the nation’s enduring spirit. It is a day to reflect on progress while renewing hope for a more united and prosperous future.
